Panoramic image generation is increasingly important for immersive applications such as virtual reality, augmented reality, and 3D content creation. Unlike perspective images, panoramic images represent a viewer-centered $360^\circ$ surrounding space, where directional expressions such as left, right, front, and behind play a central role in spatial understanding. However, existing text-to-panorama methods largely rely on implicit spatial reasoning and often fail to faithfully ground object-level directional descriptions in spherical panoramic scenes. A straightforward alternative is to introduce explicit layouts, but requiring manually specified spatial conditions reduces the flexibility of language-based interaction and does not directly resolve the misalignment between egocentric directional language and panoramic image space. To address this issue, we propose PanoCtrl, an object-centric framework for controllable text-to-panorama generation. Our method explicitly bridges natural language and spherical panoramic space by converting textual descriptions into structured object-level spherical conditions and integrating them into the diffusion process. Specifically, we introduce PanoParse, a text-conditioned parser that predicts object semantics and spherical bounding field-of-view (BFoV) parameters, and \textbf{PanoControl}, which injects object-level semantic and spatial guidance into the diffusion transformer through object-aware attention and spatial residual enhancement. To support this task, we construct PanoGround, a dataset with object-level spherical annotations and diverse directional descriptions for controllable panoramic generation. Extensive experiments demonstrate that PanoCtrl achieves state-of-the-art performance in both spatial alignment and image quality.
In this work, we aim to address the challenge of long-range memory in panoramic world models by exploiting the rotation-equivariant property of omnidirectional representations, where rotation can be treated as an implicit geometric transformation.Building on this insight, we propose PanoWorld, which simplifies camera trajectories into translations via fixed headings for both current-action modeling and long-range memory through Dense Panoramic Ray-Conditioning (DPRC) and Geometry-aware Memory Augmentation (GMA).Then, a three-stage training pipeline is introduced to progressively optimize each component. To better evaluate physical consistency under large-scale spatial variations and diverse illumination conditions, where existing datasets are relatively stable, we construct World360, a large-scale dataset consisting of both real-world video clips collected via panoramic unmanned aerial vehicles and high-quality simulated clips generated by AirSim360.Extensive experiments on World360 demonstrate the effectiveness of PanoWorld, outperforming alternative methods by a large margin.Our models, training code, and dataset will be publicly available. More information can be found on our project page: https://lihaoy-ux.github.io/panoworld-page/.
In this work, we present Canvas360, a two-stage framework for in-context panoramic generation that combines geometry-aware pretraining with downstream task-specific fine-tuning. To address the lack of large-scale, high-quality training data tailored to in-context panoramic tasks, we propose Canvas360Dataset, a collection of 1M high-quality paired panoramic samples for style transfer, inpainting, outpainting, and editing, enabling effective supervision across diverse in-context generation scenarios. On the modeling side, Canvas360 enhances text-to-panorama generation through parallel depth generation, velocity circular padding, and similarity loss regularization, enabling the model to learn geometry-aware representations, capture object distortion details, and improve geometric consistency and global coherence. Furthermore, empowered by strong panoramic priors, Canvas360 enables a unified in-context panoramic generation framework that supports diverse downstream tasks via token-level concatenation, surpassing prior methods in both task coverage and modeling flexibility. Extensive experiments show that Canvas360 improves panoramic image fidelity, achieving particularly strong performance on the panorama-specific FAED metric and competitive or leading results across the reported quantitative evaluations. More information can be found on our project page: https://zry000.github.io/Canvas360/