Integrating new data into knowledge graphs (KG) typically involves different tasks that are executed within workflows or pipelines There are many possible pipelines for a specific integration problem but there is not yet a general approach to evaluate the overall quality and performance of such pipelines to be able to determine the best choices. We therefore propose a new benchmark KGI-Bench to evaluate integration pipelines that ingest different kinds of input data into an existing KG. We evaluate pipelines by analyzing their output, i.e., the updated KG, with the three complementary quality metrics coverage, correctness and consistency. We also provide benchmark datasets (seed KG, overlapping input data of three formats, reference KG as a ground truth) for the movie domain. To demonstrate the applicability and usefulness of the proposed benchmark, we comparatively evaluate 12 pipelines and analyze their behavior across different input data formats and design choices.
Knowledge graphs have become the primary vehicle for data integration and are critical to the success of modern AI, but the diversity of KG modelling practices, from lightweight vocabularies to richly axiomatised ontologies, makes integration and reuse expensive and brittle. This challenge is particularly acute in neuro-symbolic AI, where bridging neural and symbolic components depends on the ability to reengineer KGs to fit new requirements; GenAI now offers unprecedented automation capability, but without a principled understanding of the KG space, such automation remains conceptually ungrounded. We introduce the ontological continuum as that missing conceptualisation, a theoretical construct a theoretical construct whose characterisation framework is defined by two orthogonal distinctions: semantics vs pragmatics, and properties vs affordances; together these define a vocabulary to describe, compare, navigate, and transform KGs across the full range of modelling practices. The methodological stance is empirical: rather than prescribing how KGs should be modelled, the continuum aims to define a theory of the existent, derived from observation of real-world KG engineering practices and whose structure can be made formally explicit, for example, through Formal Concept Analysis (FCA). We ground the vision through a case study on provenance knowledge, showing how a single concern manifests differently across the continuum. We articulate five open research challenges and invite the community to develop the ontological continuum as a shared research agenda.