Large Language Models (LLMs) in real-world applications often face the risks of specially crafted prompts designed to bypass the safety controls. Existing guardrail methods, such as LLM-as-a-judge and cloud-based safety APIs are able to detect unsafe content. However, they often add a delay of about 250-900 ms to each request. This delay is too high for real-time applications, when the system usually needs to respond in less than 100 ms. Furthermore, routing user prompts through external moderation endpoints raises significant data privacy concerns. This paper introduces Reflex-Guard, a lightweight guardrail that runs locally. It uses jailbreak-aware preprocessing, compact sentence-transformer embeddings, and seven fast binary classifiers. Together, these components enable high-accuracy prompt safety filtering with much lower latency than existing solutions. Through systematic evaluation on a strategically balanced dataset of 30,568 samples drawn from five complementary sources, we demonstrate that Reflex-Guard achieves 95.9% recall on harmful prompts at 37.6 ms end-to-end latency. It is faster than existing baselines, including Llama Guard 2 at 255 ms and SafeDecoding at 723 ms. It can detect 100% of GCG suffix attacks and Base64-encoded prompts using the default threshold. However, DrAttack structured prompts required lowering the threshold to 0.03 for optimal detection, as they produced a distinct probability distribution. Reflex-Guard achieves Reflex Efficiency Score (RES) scores up to 16.79, significantly outperforming Llama Guard 2 (11.90) and SafeDecoding (9.80). This analysis offers practical deployment advice and shows that different attack types occupy distinct regions in the embedding probability space.
Safety mechanisms for large language models (LLMs) remain predominantly English-centric, creating systematic vulnerabilities in multilingual deployment. Prior work shows that translating malicious prompts into other languages can substantially increase jailbreak success rates, exposing a structural cross-lingual security gap. We investigate whether such attacks can be mitigated through language-agnostic semantic similarity without retraining or language-specific adaptation. Our approach compares multilingual query embeddings against a fixed English codebook of jailbreak prompts, operating as a training-free external guardrail for black-box LLMs. We conduct a systematic evaluation across four languages, two translation pipelines, four safety benchmarks, three embedding models, and three target LLMs (Qwen, Llama, GPT-3.5). Our results reveal two distinct regimes of cross-lingual transfer. On curated benchmarks containing canonical jailbreak templates, semantic similarity generalizes reliably across languages, achieving near-perfect separability (AUC up to 0.99) and substantial reductions in absolute attack success rates under strict low-false-positive constraints. However, under distribution shift - on behaviorally diverse and heterogeneous unsafe benchmarks - separability degrades markedly (AUC $\approx$ 0.60-0.70), and recall in the security-critical low-FPR regime drops across all embedding models.