Macroeconomic Message Passing for Anticipating Foreign Exchange Regime Changes: A Deep Logical Learning Approach using Graph Tsetlin Machines

This paper introduces a graph-theoretic approach for predicting market regimes in foreign exchange (FX) currency prices. Specifically, the proposed model incorporates exogenous macroeconomic variables to update localized node features via message-passing operations. Utilizing the Graph Tsetlin Machine (GraphTM) framework, we empirically demonstrate the efficacy of this approach in anticipating market regimes for the US Dollar and Japanese Yen currency pair (USD/JPY). By representing multivariate macroeconomic drivers and technical indicators as hypervectorized directed multigraphs, the GraphTM leverages structured message passing to construct deep, interpretable logical clauses capable of recognizing complex sub-graph patterns.

MACROCAST: A Vintage-Consistent Time Series Foundation Model for Real-Time Macroeconomic Forecasting

We introduce MACROCAST, a lightweight Time Series Foundation Model (TSFM) for real-time macroeconomic forecasting. Existing TSFMs suffer from data leakage in two forms: temporal contamination, as the model may have seen the realized values of the series it forecasts, and revision bias, as training on fully revised data diverges from the preliminary, vintage-specific releases available to real-time forecasters. MACROCAST is, to our knowledge, the first TSFM that rules out both forms of leakage entirely: at no stage of training is the model exposed to information that would not have been available to a forecaster in real time. We train MACROCAST first on purely synthetic time series in approximately one GPU-day and then fine-tune it on synthetic time series drawn from Bayesian VARs, dynamic factor models, and ARIMA specifications estimated on vintage-specific ALFRED data. Because pretraining uses only simulated data and fine-tuning uses only real-time vintages, no observed future or revised value ever enters the model; each fine-tuning run takes nine minutes. Evaluated on the FRED-MD database in a genuine real-time out-of-sample exercise, MACROCAST improves on the AR(1) benchmark for roughly 80% of series-horizon pairs, matches or surpasses Chronos-2 -- the strongest currently available TSFM -- and outperforms the Bayesian VAR and dynamic factor model benchmarks, all in a data-leakage-free manner.