Histopathological subtyping relies on the recognition of characteristic histological patterns. These patterns may be expressed by individual tissue structures or by the spatial distribution and co-occurrence of multiple structures, and they often span irregularly shaped tissue regions, termed semantic units in this work. However, conventional patch-based representations may fragment such units and fail to explicitly preserve their internal spatial organization, while efficiently modeling relationships among numerous spatially separated units remains challenging. To address these limitations, we propose the Semantic-Aware Subgraph State Space Model (SASG-SSM), a flexible and efficient framework for whole slide image (WSI) classification. Semantic-Aware Subgraphs (SASGs) first approximate irregularly shaped semantic units by adaptively grouping spatially connected patches guided by class-agnostic visual-semantic priors. By representing patches as graph nodes with adjacency edges, SASGs preserve their internal spatial organization rather than treating them as an unordered set. A Subgraph State Space Module (SG-SSM) subsequently combines a graph neural network encoder for intra-subgraph topology encoding with a Mamba-based state space encoder for efficient contextualization across large numbers of subgraphs. This module integrates local structural information within semantic units with global contextual information arising from their distribution and co-occurrence across the WSI, while efficiently modeling a large number of spatially distributed regions. Extensive experiments across four WSI subtyping datasets demonstrate consistent advantages over representative state-of-the-art methods. Further evaluations under small-cohort and few-shot settings demonstrate robustness and data efficiency under limited training data. Code will be released at https://github.com/HLSvois/SASG-SSM.
Automotive mmWave radar can develop vibration, antenna misalignment, radome blockage, and receive-channel degradation that corrupt the signal before perception begins. Data for these faults are scarce because each condition must be induced and measured on physical hardware. We introduce Rad-R, a raw-ADC dataset captured with a 4-chip 77GHz TI MMWCAS-RF-EVM cascade (192 virtual channels). Unlike existing raw-radar datasets, Rad-R pairs each recording with a controlled hardware fault at a calibrated severity, an independent physical severity measurement, and frame-synchronised IMU, temperature, GPS, and camera streams. Rad-R is a single-session dataset, so our generalisation claims are confined to a controlled cross-severity protocol in which train and test use physically distinct captures. A reproducible benchmark evaluates seven representative vision backbones and the proposed raw-IQ Mamba SSM (RadrNet) under within-clip, chirp-wise anytime, few-shot cross-capture, and controlled cross-severity protocols. Within-clip performance is near-saturated ($>0.98$ macro-F1), whereas cross-severity generalisation remains difficult: the absolute-phase RadrNet-DS falls to $0.49$ macro-F1. RadrNet-DS-CI replaces absolute phase with per-frame-standardised magnitude and relative chirp-to-chirp phase and ranks first on the controlled benchmark ($0.663$ vs. $0.628$ for the strongest RD-CNN; three seeds); the RadrNet family also leads on the anytime and few-shot budgets. A descriptive cross-modal analysis further finds that radar micro-Doppler covaries with independently measured IMU vibration energy (pooled Spearman $ρ=0.41$ across conditions). The complete dataset and code will be released publicly under permissive licences.
Deep snake is a promising family of instance segmentation methods that accurately predicts object-level contours, thereby overcoming common pixel-level misclassification issues such as mask cavities and jagged edges in semantic segmentation approaches. However, existing deep snake methods face challenges in handling complex morphological variations, accurately capturing fine-grained organ details, and correcting base detection errors. To mitigate these limitations, we propose a cohesive Text-prompted spatiotEmporal dual-heAd Mamba Snake (TEAMS), a novel vision-language Mamba snake framework with three key innovations: (1) A Spatiotemporal Snake Evolution Strategy (SSES) is introduced to tackle complex morphological variations by capturing bidirectional spatial dependencies along the snake contour and temporal dynamics across evolution steps in a state space model. (2) A Contour Morphology-Aware Mamba (CMAM) is proposed to quantify local contour morphologies to modulate the structured attention mask in the Mamba2 SSD dual form, which extends Mamba's capability to perceive the relative importance of its input sequence elements for better delineation of fine-grained organ details. (3) A Text-prompted Collaborative Dual-Head Snake (TCDHS) is designed to incorporate cues from textual prompts and transfer the evolved contour information to the base detection head, which enhances the deep snake workflow and mitigates wrong detections. Comprehensive evaluations on five datasets covering different organs and imaging modalities demonstrate that TEAMS outperforms existing semantic and deep snake segmentation methods (e.g., relative mDice/mBF improvements of 6.9%/9.1% in a spinal dataset), underscoring its potential as a reliable tool across diverse medical image segmentation scenarios.
Tiancheng Zhang, Mengmeng Wang, Yan Gao +3cs.CV cs.AI
Video lane detection requires predictions that remain stable across frames, yet severe vehicle occlusions can break temporal cues. In streaming recurrent models, corrupted observations may enter the hidden state and produce errors that persist into later frames. Existing occlusion-aware refinements usually provide obstacle masks as auxiliary inputs, so the state-update path is only indirectly protected. We propose SIGMA-Lane, which treats this failure mode as state contamination in State Space Model (SSM)-based temporal modeling. SIGMA-Lane places occlusion-aware gates on the SSM write and residual-fusion paths, controlling how current observations enter temporal memory and are fused back after temporal propagation. After coordinate-consistent affine alignment, the model combines two complementary paths: SSM-consistent dual-gating for temporal filtering and Structural Spatial Retrieval (SSR) for recovering missing lane structure from aligned historical priors. Experiments on VIL-100 and OpenLane-V show improved temporal stability under heavy occlusion, with competitive F1 and mIoU scores.
Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) enables non-contact heart rate (HR) monitoring from facial videos, but RGB-only methods are vulnerable to illumination changes, motion artifacts, and skin-tone-dependent optical reflectance. We propose CardiacMamba, a fair and robust RGB-RF fusion framework that integrates optical facial cues and radio-frequency cardiac motion cues through state space modeling. CardiacMamba introduces a Temporal Difference Mamba Module (TDMM) to enhance subtle RF temporal variations, a bidirectional SSM-based interaction mechanism to align heterogeneous RGB-RF dynamics, and a Channel-wise Fast Fourier Transform (CFFT) module for channel-domain spectral refinement. On the EquiPleth dataset, CardiacMamba achieves state-of-the-art performance with 0.96 bpm MAE, 3.06 bpm RMSE, and 0.97 Pearson correlation, while reducing the observed light-dark skin-tone MAE gap to 0.26 bpm and maintaining robustness under RGB degradation and RF-missing conditions
Sea surface temperature (SST) is a critical indicator of global climate change, yet satellite-derived SST imagery often suffers from coarse spatial resolution, limiting the ability to capture fine-scale thermal structures such as ocean fronts. To address this, we propose a Dual-Branch State-Displacement Network (DBSD-Net) for SST super-resolution. DBSD-Net adopts a dual-branch architecture: a wavelet frequency branch that explicitly separates low and high-frequency components via discrete wavelet transform for targeted processing, and a VGGUNet branch that extracts multi-scale semantic features from a frozen pre-trained VGG backbone. Within the wavelet branch, we introduce a Structural State Space Module (SSSM) with a Gated Structure Refinement (GSR) unit to efficiently capture long-range dependencies and enhance structural integrity, and a Displacement Gate Module (DGM) that learns a displacement field for geometry-aware modulation of high-frequency details, thereby mitigating spatially varying degradation. Experiments on multiple public SST datasets demonstrate that DBSD-Net outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods.
Fan Yang, Nan Chen, Yijie Dong +2cs.AI cs.CE cs.LG
Accurate air quality forecasting is essential for public health and urban environmental management, but remains challenging because pollutant channels differ in periodicity and distribution drift, while their concentration trajectories contain both multi-scale dependencies and rapid changes. Recent methods have improved spatial dependency learning and meteorological covariate modeling. However, pollutant channels are still passed through the same normalization rule and temporal backbone, using a shared latent representation for channel-specific distributions and changes at different rates. To address this limitation, we propose AirFlow, a pollutant-aware dual-stream framework that operates on station multivariate observations without additional graph propagation or predefined signal decomposition. Specifically, AirFlow designs two novel blocks: (1) a statistic-guided normalization routing mechanism that selects a normalization path for each pollutant according to its 24-hour autocorrelation and distribution drift; and (2) a hierarchical dual-stream state model that combines multi-scale state space propagation with learnable response coefficients, where gated bidirectional cross-attention exchanges information and adaptively fuses the resulting representations. Experiments on real-world data from multiple cities show that AirFlow achieves the best performance in 34 of 36 metrics comparisons, with reductions of up to 11.11% root mean square error over the state-of-the-art baseline. AirFlow also requires only 0.0483M parameters and 0.0215G FLOPs, achieving high forecasting accuracy with low computational overhead.
Audio-visual instance segmentation (AVIS) requires accurately identifying and tracking individual sounding objects with pixel-level masks. Existing methods struggle to match overlapping acoustic events with visual instances and handle asynchronous audio-visual dynamics. Therefore, two critical questions arise: how can a model establish precise correspondence between overlapping sound sources and visual instances, and how can a model maintain robust tracking when audio and visual signals are temporally misaligned?This paper proposes Hear to See (H2S), addressing these challenges through two mechanisms. The Acoustic-Semantic Projector (ASP) disentangles mixed audio and establishes hierarchical correspondence from semantic to spatial domains. The Asynchronous Dynamics Modulator (ADM) adaptively adjusts state transitions via audio-modulated Mamba, prioritizing current information during dynamic variations and maintaining continuity in stable periods.Experiments on AVISeg show H2S achieves SOTA performance, attaining 48.54 mAP with a COCO pretrained ResNet50 and surpassing the previous by 7.8\%. The code will be open-sourced once the paper is accepted. The source code will be publicly available at https://github.com/leiyeliu/H2S.
Fangyan Zhang, Fan Zhang, Shiqi Zhou +3cs.CV cs.AI
Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) image classification is a representative task for physics-aware GeoAI, where land-cover semantics are closely coupled with electromagnetic scattering mechanisms. Many existing complex-valued networks can preserve amplitude-phase information, but they are often limited in long-range spatial dependency modeling and usually incorporate polarimetric priors only as input-level or shallow auxiliary features. As a result, physical knowledge is insufficiently used to guide deep feature evolution. To address this issue, this paper proposes CV-SSMNet, a physics-aware complex-valued state-space network with scattering-aware feature modulation for PolSAR image classification. The proposed method builds a complex-valued state-space model (CV-SSM) in the original complex domain to capture long-range spatial dependencies while preserving polarimetric amplitude-phase coupling. Meanwhile, seven physically meaningful scattering priors, are encoded as FiLM-style modulation signals to adaptively recalibrate complex-valued representations during feature evolution. CV-SSMNet further integrates multi-scale complex convolutions, branch-wise CV-SSM encoding, prior-guided recalibration, and lightweight global context aggregation, enabling physically guided representation learning from local scattering structures to global spatial context. Experiments on three L-band benchmark datasets and an additional P-band BIOMASS evaluation demonstrate that CV-SSMNet achieves competitive accuracy, improved regional consistency, and better boundary preservation, supporting the effectiveness of embedding polarimetric scattering mechanisms into complex-valued long-range GeoAI representation learning.
Weakly-supervised RGB-D Salient Object Detection (SOD) is explored to reduce the heavy burden of pixel-level annotations. But scribble annotations lack the structure and details of objects, resulting in inaccurate saliency maps. In this paper, we propose a novel scribble-supervised RGB-D SOD method, consisting of a Segment Anything Model (SAM)-driven pseudo annotation generation method (\emph{SAM-PAG}) and a state space interaction-based conditional diffusion model (\emph{$S^2$Diff}). Specifically, SAM-PAG is tailored to address the issue of sparse supervision information. In SAM-PAG, we adopt the advanced SAM to expand sparse scribbles to dense pixel-level pseudo annotations through the dual-branch structure and the consistency of segmentation masks. In $S^2$Diff, we adopt the diffusion model to iteratively refine the noisy saliency maps with the guidance of conditional information, generating accurate saliency maps. Naturally, the core of our $S^2$Diff lies in the acquisition of conditional features and the denoising of saliency maps. For the former, we employ a cross-modal conditional generation module to interweave cross-modal features through frequency integration and implicit-explicit state space interaction, effectively achieving global conditional features. For the latter, we employ a context injection module to mitigate noise interference and to enhance object information with the conditional context. With the close cooperation of SAM-PAG and $S^2$Diff, our method outperforms relevant scribble-supervised methods and achieves competitive performance compared to fully-supervised methods on seven datasets. The code and results of our method are available at https://github.com/Switch457/WeakS2Diff_SOD.
Since the paradigm centered on convolutional neural networks and recurrent architectures was established in 2020, the fundamental backbone networks for audio-visual navigation have undergone no essential changes for more than five years, making them inadequate to support efficient representation of dynamic multimodal sequences. This paper proposes Samba(A Hybrid Mamba for Audio-Visual Navigation). It uses the adaptive selection-enabled Mamba State Encoder (M-SE) to replace conventional GRUs for temporal aggregation, and constructs an Audio Mamba Encoder (AME) to remedy the limitations of convolutional operators in capturing global time-frequency dependencies in spectrograms. Experiments demonstrate that Samba exhibits exceptional generalization performance when facing unheard sound sources and unseen scenes. On the Matterport3D dataset, it improves the navigation success rate (SR) by 11.3\% compared with existing state-of-the-art models, and the performance gain is even more pronounced on the Replica dataset, which features finer scene structures. Such modernized architectural reconstruction unlocks stronger embodied representation capabilities at a lower computational cost, thereby providing a highly robust technical pathway for paradigm evolution in the field of audio-visual navigation.
Global Station Weather Forecasting (GSWF) is pivotal for localized and extreme weather prediction over key regions. Despite efforts to exploit look-back windows, existing methods show limited accuracy gains and struggle with extreme events and error accumulation. These limitations stem from overreliance on short-term patterns, which are insufficient to capture chaotic weather dynamics, especially under partial observations. To address this problem, we propose a novel Triaxial State Space Model (TSSM) with a history-enhanced Temporal-VariableHistorical paradigm, which incorporates period-aligned historical weather data to compensate for long-term, large-scale periodic, and full-window weather patterns beyond the temporal lookback window. Specifically, TSSM stacks historical samples into period-aligned batches, where forecasting is causally supported by historical and current observations. Temporal, variable, and historical scanning are designed to capture axial temporal dependencies, variable correlations, and historical evolution. This structure is hierarchically shared to model seasonal to extreme events while alleviating misalignment across historical patterns. TSSM achieves SOTA performance on Weather-5K, the largest station weather dataset to date, with 10% and 61% gains in accuracy and extreme event metrics, and obtains 95% best or second-best results on human-involved datasets. Its advantages are more pronounced in long-horizon and iterative forecasting, reaching a 37.5% gain at 240h and up to 103.5% under a 48h times 5 iterative setting. Moreover, TSSM retains > 90% performance under up to 80% missing observations, compared with < 43% for baselines, demonstrating robustness and practical potential for reliable GSWF in global in-situ observation networks.
Abinav Kalyanasundaram, Karthikeyan Chandra Sekaran, Wolfgang Utschick +1cs.RO cs.LG
Reliable localization in GNSS-denied environments remains a fundamental challenge for intelligent vehicles, as inertial navigation systems accumulate unbounded drift without external correction. Existing approaches provide drift correction through dedicated infrastructure, expensive external sensors, or complex multi-sensor fusion, each introducing practical deployment barriers. We propose Evidential Velocity Correction using Mamba (EVC-Mamba), a learning-based architecture that transforms onboard vehicle sensor data into a virtual velocity sensor for IMU drift correction without additional hardware. A Mamba-based selective state space model captures the temporal dynamics of vehicle motion, while evidential deep learning with a Normal-Inverse-Gamma distribution provides principled uncertainty quantification. The resulting uncertainty-aware velocity estimate is incorporated as a virtual correction measurement into an Error-State Extended Kalman Filter to reduce position drift. Evaluation on real-world vehicle data demonstrates that inertial navigation using the proposed velocity correction achieves localization accuracy within 10% of a dedicated external velocity sensor across different outage durations. The proposed architecture supports real-time onboard deployment at 40 Hz on edge hardware, enabling reliable localization during prolonged GNSS outages.
With the proliferation of AI-generated content, sophisticated multimedia manipulation has raised critical concerns about malicious applications such as opinion manipulation and evidence fabrication, making Audio-Visual Temporal Forgery Localization (AV-TFL) an urgent research frontier. Existing TFL methods have progressed along two main paradigms: Transformer-based temporal modeling and channel-wise multimodal fusion. While these approaches capture temporal dependencies and cross-modal correlations, they process all frequency components indiscriminately, leading to overfitting on high-frequency noise and limited robustness under real-world data degradation. Through systematic frequency domain analysis, we find that forgery-discriminative patterns concentrate in the low/mid-frequency range (normalized frequency 0-0.15), while high-frequency components primarily introduce noise, removing them even improves detection performance by +1.4%. Based on this phenomenon, we propose UniSkip-Mamba, a frequency-aware State Space Model framework that incorporates Unified Multimodal Sequence Fusion to preserve cross-modal phase relationships, and Skip-Scanning Mamba Blocks that implement frequency-aware regularization through a novel Group-Scan-Merge mechanism, naturally biasing learning toward discriminative low/mid-frequency patterns (0-0.15) while maintaining representational completeness. We achieve state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance: 63.4% AP@0.95 on LAV-DF (+9.8% improvement) and 63.58% mAP on AV-Deepfake1M (+14.32% improvement), with 6x faster inference. Our frequency-domain analysis provides theoretical justification from a signal processing perspective for why skip-scanning inherently improves both accuracy and robustness.
Images captured by consumer electronic devices, such as mobile phones and digital cameras, often suffer from low-light degradation due to sensor limitations and imaging pipelines, which degrades visual quality and affects downstream vision tasks. Existing methods based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Transformers have dominated current low-light image enhancement (LIE) due to their excellent ability to model hierarchical features. However, CNNs operate in local receptive fields that cannot model long-range dependencies, while Transformers overcome this problem but incur substantial computational costs. To address these challenges, we propose MambaLIE, a Scene Light Intensity-Boosted Low-Light Image Enhancement method based on a State Space Model (SSM). We first introduce scene light intensity to improve the structural distribution of illumination, which is then gated with the low-light input to guide enhancement. To better model the illumination while maintaining computational efficiency, we propose the Locally Enhanced State Space Model (LESSM) for efficient light enhancement. Our LESSM contains two branches: an SSM branch and a Local Enhanced branch, where the former is used to model the long-range dependencies with linear time complexity, while the latter is used to enhance local feature representations. Extensive experiments demonstrate that MambaLIE outperforms state-of-the-art CNN-based and Transformer-based LIE methods on four widely used synthetic benchmarks and five publicly available real-world benchmarks in terms of accuracy, speed, and model size, making it suitable for practical deployment on resource-constrained devices.
Blind image deblurring demands the recovery of high-fidelity details and coherent structures from complex, unknown degradations. Current blind image deblurring methods struggle with real-world, spatially varying degradations, and lack the semantic awareness necessary to reliably differentiate valid textures from artifacts. To bridge this gap, we propose CogSENet, a dynamic, semantic-aligned reconstruction framework inspired by the eagle's visual system. By mimicking the eagle's active saccadic scanning, we devise a Semantic-Driven State Space Module (SDSSM) with semantic-aware token regrouping via differentiable routing, enabling prompt-conditioned long-range dependency modeling. To ensure physically interpretable recovery of textures and structures, a BiFreqFusionBlock (BFFB) mirrors functional differentiation of the eagle's retina by decomposing features into high and low frequencies using wavelet transforms. Finally, we estimate a continuous Blur Field (CBF) from blur image and fuse it with CLIP semantic priors to modulate the deepest latent features, emulating focal adaptation and enabling adaptive restoration under spatially non-uniform blur. Extensive experiments demonstrate that CogSENetoutperforms state-of-the-art deblurring methods in both visual quality and structural fidelity with fewer parameters, while also performing favorably on dehazing, deraining, and denoising tasks.
Multi-exposure fusion (MEF) brings the dynamic range of conventional cameras closer to that of human vision, producing images with rich scene content. Given the large variability in scene luminance, exposure strategies often require different numbers of frames to capture the full radiance range faithfully. However, conventional MEF techniques are typically designed for a fixed number of inputs, forcing deployment systems to maintain separate models for different frame-count requirements, which undermines deployment efficiency. To address this limitation, we propose FreeMEF, the first flexible-frame transformer for MEF that seamlessly accommodates varying numbers of input exposures without retraining or architectural changes. The proposed approach consists of two key modules. First, we introduce a recurrent state space module (RSSM) that sequentially fuses features from arbitrary sequences via adaptive alignment and state-space recurrent modeling, thereby providing global information guidance for the subsequent restoration. Second, we devise a global feature guided block (GFGB) incorporating an extremity-aware hybrid attention (EAHA) and an affine-injection feed-forward network (AFFN), which effectively resolves the similarity paradox while simultaneously optimizing contrast and brightness regulation. Extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, which performs favorably against state-of-the-art methods both quantitatively and qualitatively.
While recent advancements in anomaly detection have demonstrated the efficacy of CNN- and Transformer-based approaches, these architectures face inherent limitations: CNNs struggle to capture long-range dependencies, whereas Transformers suffer from quadratic computational complexity. Consequently, Mamba-based architectures have attracted considerable attention, as they successfully combine superior long-range dependency modeling with linear computational complexity. By critically rethinking the structural evolution across the Mamba lineage 1-3 series, this paper proposes MambaADv2, a framework tailored for multi-class unsupervised anomaly detection. MambaADv2 comprises a pre-trained encoder and a Mamba-inspired decoder, equipped with Duality-enhanced State Space (DSS) modules across multiple scales. The proposed DSS module effectively models both global dependencies and local representations by integrating parallel-cascaded Hybrid State Space (HSS) blocks and frequency-enhanced convolution operations. The structure of the Hybrid State Space (HSS) block is tailored by following the SSD-based Mamba lineage and incorporating Mamba3-style position-aware state-space modeling, leveraging the dual computational paths of linear recurrence and parallel matrix formulation to model local continuity and global contextual comparison, thereby better serving the core anomaly detection objective of precisely reconstructing normal representations while magnifying anomalous deviations. Additionally, we propose a semantics-adaptive progressive scanning strategy that decays scanning complexity along the feature pyramid.
Real-time weld-pool perception is critical for closed-loop control in laser wire-feed welding, where sensing, computation, and actuator response introduce unavoidable delay. This paper presents a physics-guided spatiotemporal state space network for lookahead weld-pool segmentation. The model uses historical coaxial grayscale images, welding process parameters, and aligned wire-state electrical signals to predict the future semantic layout of three physically meaningful regions: keyhole, wire, and molten pool. It combines a visual encoder, process- and sensor-conditioned feature normalization, patch-level temporal state space modeling, horizon-conditioned latent prediction, dense future feature prediction, and a motion-aware mask decoder. Auxiliary signed-distance-function supervision, temporal consistency, feature distillation, and fine-grained keyhole losses further constrain the predicted geometry and local motion. Experiments on a 43-sequence laser welding dataset show that the proposed WeldMamba reaches 74.63\% mIoU at a 500 ms lookahead. Ablation studies further show that temporal history, patch-level state space modeling, and keyhole motion awareness are the main contributors to robust future segmentation.
Correspondence pruning aims to identify inliers from an initial set of correspondences. Most existing Graph Neural Network (GNN)-based methods rely on geometric features mapped from coarse Euclidean coordinates, which struggle to capture the subtle geometric consistencies presented by inliers. While Mamba-based methods possess global receptive fields and long sequence modeling capabilities, they tend to accumulate substantial inconsistent features within the hidden state space, making it difficult to distinguish inliers from outliers. In this paper, we integrate frequency domain perception into this task for the first time and propose SFMambaNet, a novel Spectral-Frequency enhanced Mamba-based two-view correspondence pruning network. Our method is collaboratively composed of two components: First, we design a Local Spectral-Geometric Attention (LSGA) block. LSGA incorporates spectral positional encoding into local graph interactions and introduces multi-scale Mamba processing to enhance the capture of subtle geometric consistencies and improve local feature discriminability. Building upon this, we design a Spectral-Integrated Global Mamba (SIGM) block. SIGM embeds a frequency gating mechanism within the state space, utilizing the frequency information provided by LSGA to explicitly suppress high-frequency noise accumulation within hidden states and mitigate the propagation of inconsistent features. This enhances inlier-outlier separability and achieves robust global context modeling capabilities with nearly linear complexity. Extensive experiments demonstrate that SFMambaNet outperforms current state-of-the-art methods on several challenging tasks. The code is available at https://github.com/Kirito14IT/SFMambaNet.
The detection and segmentation of infrared small targets have important application significance in the fields of surveillance and security, maritime rescue and so on. Due to the low occupancy of these targets in long-distance imaging, the mainstream visual state space model is inefficient and difficult to accurately model the target edge. The existing infrared state space models do not deviate from the mainstream visual state space structure framework from the structural properties of infrared small targets. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes the RPCASSM network based on the model paradigm of robust principal component analysis(RPCA), which aims to design the background state space module(BSSM) and the target state space module(TSSM) by the nature of the infrared small target in the spatial domain. The BSSM aims to use the saliency of spatial heterogeneous signals to design a spatial probe scanning mechanism(SPCM) to model background information. The TSSM designs a deformable prompt scanning mechanism(DPCM) by using the sparsity and local highlight of the target to focus on the deformable space of the target for state space modeling. According to the above design, we effectively solve the problem that the existing mainstream vision state space model is difficult to accurately model the edge structure of infrared small target. Experimental results on the existing benchmark data sets prove the effectiveness of the RPCASSM design. Our code will be made public at \href{https://github.com/PepperCS/RPCASSM}{RPCASSM}.
Encoder-decoder imbalance and the reliance on large input volumes make many 3D brain tumor segmentation models both compute-heavy and brittle. We present M\textsuperscript{4}Fuse, a lightweight network that prioritizes discriminative brain tumor cues over exhaustive appearance reconstruction. Our method balances encoder and decoder capacity and replaces depth expansion with a synergistic design: it propagates long-range context with linear complexity via a grouped state space mixer, denoises and aligns skip features using a cross-scale dual-stage gating bridge, and absorbs cross-site acquisition shifts with a sample-level mixture-of-experts. On the BraTS2019 and BraTS2021 benchmarks, M\textsuperscript{4}Fuse outperforms other lightweight excellent methods in both parameter count and performance. Even at a challenging input resolution of \(64\times128\times128\) (half that of existing excellent models), M\textsuperscript{4}Fuse reduces parameters by 62.63\% and improves average performance by 0.09\%. Ablations of key components validate the method's exceptional parameter-to-accuracy efficiency and robustness across diverse data centers.