When Depth Hurts: Reliability-Aware Geometry Distillation for Depth-Free RGB-D Salient Object Detection
Xuehao Wang, Jiaxin Hua, Runmei Li, Zhenyu Wu, Chenglizhao Chen, Ke Gu, Aimin Hao
Abstract
Depth can resolve appearance ambiguity in RGB-D salient object detection (SOD), yet sensor depth is not uniformly reliable. Missing regions, blurred boundaries, and structural artifacts can propagate through multimodal fusion and make an RGB-D detector less accurate than its RGB-only counterpart. Existing quality-aware approaches regulate observed depth but remain dependent on the same potentially defective modality. We propose \method, a reliability-aware geometry distillation framework developed for RGB-D SOD benchmarks without using dataset-provided depth during training or inference. A frozen Depth Anything V2 model serves only as a training-time teacher, transferring dense relative geometry, hierarchical spatial attention, and boundary structure to a compact edge-aware geometry branch. Pooled bidirectional interaction aligns geometry with appearance, and a pixel-wise reliability estimator selectively injects geometry that is compatible with the current RGB representation. The teacher is removed after training, leaving an RGB-only inference network. Trained on 2,985 RGB-mask pairs, \method{} achieves the best or tied-best result in 26 of 36 metric-dataset comparisons against ten recent RGB-D SOD methods, including a 13.4\% relative MAE reduction on ReDWeb-S. When retrained on DUTS-TR, it also improves the strongest prior $F$-measure by 4.2\% on PASCAL-S, showing that the distilled geometry transfers beyond a particular sensor or dataset domain. Code will be released upon publication.
Topics
Classified with taxonomy v2 on Fri, 4 Sept 2026.