Evaluation of Population Initialization Methods for Genetic Programming-based Symbolic Regression
Lukas Kammerer, Gabriel Kronberger, Deaglan J. Bartlett, Harry Desmond, Pedro G. Ferreira, Stephan Winkler
Abstract
We analyze the effect of optimizing the initial population of genetic programming (GP) for symbolic regression (SR) on the accuracy and complexity of solutions. We compare three well-established random initialization methods as well as initialization with small optimized solutions from exhaustive symbolic regression (ESR) using a GP/SR implementation which is based on the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm NSGA-II. We compare the final Pareto fronts found with each initialization method on twelve synthetic problems of varying complexity and one real-world dataset. We find no significant differences in accuracy or model complexity among the initialization methods. The initial advantage of initialization with ESR disappears after only a few generations. Our results show that, given similar diversity in the initial population, the effect of the initialization method in GP-based symbolic regression on the final Pareto front is negligible.
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Classified with taxonomy v2 on Wed, 2 Sept 2026.