Overcoming the BCI Calibration Bottleneck: A Clinically-Grounded Architecture using Riemannian Alignment and Stochastic Weight Averaging
Immanuvel Prathap Sagayaraju
Abstract
Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) face a severe calibration bottleneck due to cross-subject spatial covariance shifts and physiological artifacts. To enable zero-calibration BCI, a deep learning pipeline was engineered combining Per-Session Independent Component Analysis, Riemannian Euclidean Alignment, and EEGNet stabilized by Stochastic Weight Averaging (SWA). Evaluated on the strict MOABB BNCI2014-001 benchmark, the proposed architecture successfully isolates true sensorimotor rhythms. For the primary case study (Subject 1), a clinically robust SWA stable accuracy of 90.97% (AUC: 0.976, Cohen's $κ$: 0.819) was achieved. Furthermore, expanded 9-fold Leave-One-Subject-Out (LOSO) cross-validation yielded a globally stable mean accuracy of 74.31%, proving hardware-agnostic zero-shot efficacy for binary motor imagery.
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Classified with taxonomy v2 on Sat, 5 Sept 2026.